Read Aloud — Physics

Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces, yet it governs the motion of planets, stars, and galaxies across the universe. Unlike electromagnetic forces, gravity cannot be shielded or cancelled, which is why it dominates at astronomical scales despite its relative weakness at the atomic level.

When white light passes through a glass prism, it separates into a continuous band of colours known as a spectrum. Each colour bends at a slightly different angle because shorter wavelengths, such as violet, are refracted more than longer wavelengths like red, revealing the hidden composition of sunlight.

Friction is a force that resists the sliding motion of two surfaces in contact. Engineers must carefully balance friction in mechanical design because too little causes wheels to slip, while too much wastes energy as heat and accelerates the wear of moving parts inside machinery.