TOEFL Speaking Task 3 — Tóm tắt bài giảng

KHUNG TOEFL Task 3 — KHAI NIEM + VI DU TU BAI GIANG (60 giay) 30 GIAY CHUAN BI: doc dinh nghia trong sach giao khoa va ghi: - Khai niem la gi? (1 dong) - Vi du 1 tu bai giang la gi? - Vi du 2 tu bai giang la gi? 60 GIAY NOI: Cau 1-2 (10s): "The [reading/textbook] defines [khai niem] as [dinh nghia ngan]." Cau 3-5 (20s): "In the lecture, the professor gives the first example of [vi du 1]. [Giai thich chi tiet vi du 1]." Cau 6-8 (20s): "The second example involves [vi du 2]. [Giai thich chi tiet vi du 2]." Cau 9 (10s): "Both examples illustrate how [khai niem] works in [linh vuc/ngu canh]." VI DU — CHU DE: Operant Conditioning (Dieu kien hoa hanh vi) "The textbook defines operant conditioning as a learning process where behaviour is shaped by its consequences — rewards or punishments. The professor's first example involves teaching a dog to sit. When the dog sits, it receives a treat — a positive reinforcement — which makes sitting more likely in the future. The second example involves reducing undesired behaviour. A child who receives a privilege removed after bad behaviour learns to associate that behaviour with a negative consequence, making it less likely to repeat. Both examples illustrate how consistent consequences shape behaviour over time." LUU Y: - PHAI bao gom DINH NGHIA tu sach truoc khi vao vi du bai giang - Khong doc van ban — thuoc nhanh va diez lai bang tu cua ban - Vi du can CHI TIET CU THE (dog + treat, child + privilege), khong chi ten vi du